E Commerce Is Fast Growing Market - 1132 Words

3. BACKGROUND: E-commerce is fast growing market where all customers’ behavior, satisfaction is 8/10 which is the best rating and shows how important is E-commerce [2]. Evaluating customer’s behaviors quantitatively is important and easy as E-commerce and F-commerce [1] are flaming topics these days by every and any third-party statistics and analysis firm because of the fast emerging market through adverts posted on social media [2], which draws social media users attention towards the adverts, this is one of the tactics of the E-commerce giant’s to grow their market and revenue. Social media is one powerful tool is known to humankind in the 21st century, which is used for both positive and negative use by the users, companies and etc. F-commerce [1] is one of the platforms provided by Facebook, which one of the biggest social media known to us. F-commerce which refers to buying and selling of goods or services through Facebook or Facebook directly through open graph. Facebook had 1.5 million business pages until March 2010, which was supported and built by the Facebook markup language (FBML). In March 2011, Facebook discarded FBML and adopted iframes which gave potential support to developers to gather more information about their Facebook visitors. This Step of adopting I-frames by the Facebook was groundbreaking to e-commerce market as it gave more option and huge potential to exploit this new change to increase e-commerce market. Where Facebook, amazon, and otherShow MoreRelatedAn Analysis of Chinaa E-Commerce Industry1488 Words   |  6 PagesAnalysis of China’s E-Commerce Industry Introduction A little more than 10 years ago, China’s path to e-commerce leadership would have been difficult to foresee, even as the tech boom in the US and other markets saw the development of e-commerce as an important B2C and C2C channel. In 2000, China had yet to develop any e-commerce applications, and had only 2.1 million total internet users. Payment systems and physical delivery mechanisms to facilitate the development of e-commerce transactions wereRead MoreImpact Of E Commerce Of Fmcg Sector Essay1362 Words   |  6 PagesImpact of E-commerce of FMCG Sector Grocery and FMCG sales together constitute approximately 62% of the Indian retail sales, both unorganized and organized (Modern retail and E-commerce) sectors combined. Organized retail in India is growing its share in India but modern trade has not taken off the way it should have because of various reasons very specific to India. Entire generation of Indian youth is thus directly leapfrogging to e-commerce from shopping in convenience ‘Mom Pop’ stores. ConsequentlyRead MoreAlibaba Case Study737 Words   |  3 PagesAlibaba: The World’s Largest E-tailer Is Not Amazon 1. As a digital retailer, how does Alibaba provide value to Chinese consumers? What sets of values are unique to the Chinese market? The way Alibaba provide value to the customer is and makes unique are first, the Alibaba group is an internet company and it creates an easy platform for people to purchase or sells everything in the world. Alibaba, it is the differences then other online company such as, Amazons, eBay, Google, Walmart, Costco, andRead MoreE Commerce And The Electronic Shopping Industry1108 Words   |  5 Pageswebsite. Attractive characteristics of the electronic shopping industry: E-Commerce in Canada is a billion dollar industry The electronic shopping industry is developing with great interest due to technological advances as business develop new ways to attract and retain consumers on their platforms E-Commerce is concentrated in electronic shopping and mail-order houses as over three quarters of e-commerce sales (Retail e-commerce sales by store type in 2012 from Statistic Canada) In the graph aboveRead MoreIntroduction.As One Of The Largest Online Shopping Websites1133 Words   |  5 PagesCloud Drive, Kindle E-Readers, Fire tablets, Fire TV and Fire Phone. With their diverse selection options, it’s easy for customers to search for a product and place orders. Another benefit allows Amazon.com to send out personalized recommendations based on your past purchases. Amazon.com has attracted millions of people around the world in many countries. Amazon.com was founded in 1995 by Jeff Bezos and is based out of Seattle, Washington. Industry Analysis Electronic commerce, commonly referredRead MoreE Commerce : A New Model1460 Words   |  6 Pagesare experimenting with downloadable games, and electronic currency such as Bitcoin are growing in popularity. In this increasingly electronic world, digital will eventually become more abundant, and just as society progresses, so must businesses adapt a new model: e-commerce. E-commerce has been around since the advent of the Internet, and many consumers acknowledge the convenience e-commerce provides. E-commerce is a great model for not only current Internet shopping, but also the future economy whereRead MoreE Commerce : Is The Best Hosting Service You Would Recommend For An Ecommerce?1489 Words   |  6 Pages Which Is The Best Hosting Service You Would Recommend For An Ecommerce? Over years, the e-commerce segment of web hosting industry has grown by leaps and bounds. The growing number of businesses that have come to realize the high potential in selling products along with services online is the only reason. With the support of a consistent infrastructure, e-commerce hosting may easily enable you to showcase your catalog to the world in an effective manner hence boosting your bottom line in the wholeRead MoreElectronic Commerce and Page Load Speed1631 Words   |  7 PagesSingh Choudhary The e-Commerce market in India has enjoyed phenomenal growth of almost 50% in the last five years. Although the trend of e-Commerce has been making rounds in India for 15 years, the appropriate ecosystem has now started to fall in place. The considerable rise in the number of internet users, growing acceptability of online payments, the more number of internet-enabled devices and favorable circumstances are the key factors driving the growth story of e-Commerce in the country. TheRead MoreOverview of Electronic Commerce in China Essay1629 Words   |  7 Pages3.2 Overview of Electronic Commerce in China 3.2.1 Internet in China In September 1987, the Chinese Academic Network built the first domestic Internet e-mail node and sent out the first e-mail from China. The universities were the first Chinese institutions to connect to the Internet. In 1990, a number of Chinese universities and educational institute including the Ministry of Education were connected. But substantial growth of Internet was not occurred until year 1994, when the National ComputingRead MoreThe Discovery Of The Internet1696 Words   |  7 Pagesstuff without physically go to store to purchase. This magical advancement help us to buy products that we want within short amount of time as well as enable to access to thousands of stores. In the proper business term, this form of business called e-commerce. Today, there are countless emerging successful ecommerce companies all around the world, but one that I closely explored and researched on is the Alibaba, which is the largest ecommerce company in China, and arguably one of the emerging c ompany

Mass Media s Influence On Society - 962 Words

Over the years mass media has become more available and favored by society through avenues such as magazines, television, newspapers, print ads, internet, and including social media. According to U.S. Census Bureau (2007), individuals spend nearly a total of 3,518 hours of their time on mass media outlets. Mass media has become widely popular among individuals, in particularly young adults.73% of U.S adults aged 18–29, have been reported regularly visit at least one of these outlet, and 42% use more than one (Duggan Smith, 2013). Mass media has been an outlet for individuals in society to send and receive information. It has given individuals the ability to communicate and share news amongst each other. Henceforth, mass media outlets such as social media have allowed individuals within society the ability to interact with one another. In America, as people interest in media has grown so has individuals interest in their body image (Cash, 2004).Body image is extensively public ized in mass media (Cash, 2004). Researchers have questioned this phenomenon of the impact of social media on individual’s perceptual of body image. The purpose of this study is to examine mass media portrayal of body image which has influence individual beliefs and desires to be â€Å"thin† which has resulted in an unrealistic ideal societal body image. Media portrayal the standard for beauty Mass media has depicted slender body types as the standard for beauty (Grabe, Ward, Hyde, 2008). Constantly inShow MoreRelatedMass Media And Society s Influence On Society Essay1263 Words   |  6 PagesPosition Statement Mass media and society have an influence on each other. One impacts the other just a tad bit more. They have a symbiotic relationship, where one cannot work successfully with each other in many different circumstances. Society has more influence over mass media, because of the idea for supply and demand. If the public does not demand service, then it would not be provided. Media does have a small impact on society, but society holds the key to how information is dispersed. IncludedRead MoreMass Media Influence On People s Ideas About Society936 Words   |  4 PagesJamilah Alfadhli ENG 110-01 November 13, 2015 Mass Media Influence in Shaping People’s Ideas about Society The most important goal for mass media is to make high revenues. To make this goal real and earn that money mass media maker or producer put effective working plans. These effective plans could be in all different kinds of any mass media. There are several effects of made mass media planning before it broadcasting a message to improve it economic. These effects are; effects of advertisingRead MoreThe Influences Of Mass Media On Society864 Words   |  4 PagesThe Influences of Mass Media on Society For the greater majority of the American society, the presence of mass media is a normal part of everyday lives. With the purpose of mass media being to educate, entertain and inform, the excessive violence, self imaging, and lack of full detail on world events, is having negative influences and unhealthy impacts on society. As early as the 1920s, a form of the media has been present in the American society. Although broadcasted content wasRead MoreWhy Is Medium Is The Massage Essay1528 Words   |  7 PagesWhy is Medium Message? Marshall McLuhan, a technological determinist, says in his book ‘Medium is the massage’ that the most widespread modern media influence how humans think, act and perceive the world around them. He states that the medium significantly influences the message that people will receive, and thus, the same message is perceived by the same individual in several ways if he receives them in a different way. The expression the medium is the message means that recipient receives messagesRead MoreMass Media and Popular Culture1367 Words   |  6 PagesHow has mass media a created a relationship among popular culture, mass media and different forms of dissemination? Mass media is any form of communication used to reach a large group of people. There are different types of media; examples of media are magazines, movies, television, books, recording devices, radio and the internet. As time goes on, new and improved technology is developed in the mass media industry for communicating a nd entertainment purposes. As mass media continues to grow andRead MoreThe Effects Of Media On Our Society Essay1007 Words   |  5 PagesInfluences of Media on our Society There is no doubt that the media influences us. To state some examples to prove this claim, try answering the questions that follow. Do you feel like attempting a stunt from a movie? Do you base your fashion on what you see the celebrities are wearing? Do you copy the hairstyle of your favorite famous personalities? Have you ever attempted to walk model-like in an attempt to imitate those ramp models in fashion shows? If you answered yes to any of these questionsRead MoreMass Society Theory Essay627 Words   |  3 PagesHistory of Mass Society Theory Comprised a vast workforce of people who lived isolated and unfulfilled lives. They were slaves to jobs, bosses and living in crowded urban settings . Their lives were consistent with Marx’s â€Å"alienated masses† Scholars blamed the media for the rise of fascism History of Mass Society Theory During the 1920’s, Hearst and Pulitzer changed their ways and became serious about reporting the news The American Society of Newspaper Editors formed and pledged toRead MoreMedia s Influence On Society1269 Words   |  6 Pages The media is full of countless things, it has completely changed the world and is now a part of our everyday lives (Bookman, 64). With television, radio, newspapers, books, etc†¦ working their way into our everyday lives it is impossible to live without the media today. Along with it being persuasive, informational and a great source for entertainment it also has a large binding influence on societies all over the world. Media aspects are radically reshaping the world (Marina 240) and though someRead MoreTodays Unrealistic Body Expectations1311 Words   |  5 PagesModern society portrays good looking men to have broad shoulders, toned arms, six-pack abs, and a small waist while good looking women are viewed to have the characteristics of being slim and fit, having a small waist, lean hips, and perfect skin complexion. As a result, many people are affe cted by our own societys portrayals of good looking men and women that they feel pressured into doing whatever it takes and going through extreme measures, most of the time, spending countless hours in the gymRead MoreThe Impact Of Mass Media On Youth And Society1378 Words   |  6 PagesThe Impact of Mass Media on the Youth and Society Nowadays, the issue of mass media has caused much debate in the modern society, as well as mass media is becoming more important as a component that negatively affects the behavior of young people. There are many other factors, such as micro-environment, economic instability, the decline of moral values affecting children and young people and encourage them to commit unlawful acts. However, unlimited access to the Internet, mobile phone use in the

Human Physiology Growth And Development †Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss About The Human Physiology In Growth And Development? Answer: Introduction Galactosemia patients cannot break down galactose and thus, resulting in unhealthy galactose levels which accumulate in the human body. Therefore, galactosemia mainly falls under metabolic disorder since the disease results from lack of proper galactose metabolization. Galactosemia influences around one out of 30,000 to one of every 60,000 infants worldwide and seems to stimulus females and guys similarly ( Adamkin, 2015 p.409). Indications of galactosemia may wind up plainly clear not long after birth. Babies with galactosemia may encounter heaving, liver disappointment, and bacterial contaminations. Extreme bacterial diseases might be deadly. A few babies with a milder type of galactosemia may create waterfalls or blurring of the focal point of the eye. Healthcare claims manifest and expand on the scientifically confirmed advantages which assist in consuming distinct food type. For instance, it is evident that consumption of low fats in a daily diet more the fiber reaches foodstuff s reduces risks of developing cancer-related diseases. The primary goal of nutrient claims and content is to emphasize on the specific nutrient relative amount and gives a prompt value communication. The value interactions mostly demarcate on fat-free, good fiber source and low calorie (Freeze, 2013 p. 6940). Genetic principle The galactosemia disorder can be passed down from one family member to another through autosomal recessive manner. Two copies of GALT gene is always possessed by everybody, one that is acquired from the mother and the other one from the father. Therefore, inheritance through autosomal recessive means that individual receives a copy of the GALT gene that is nonworking from the parents. Parents of the individual suffering from the disorder have a copy of one working and one nonworking GALT gene hence they are the carriers for galactosemia. Individual who are the carriers of a gene do not show the symptom of the disease. The newborn from the parents who are the carriers have 25% possibility of suffering from the galactosemia and a chance of 50% that the newborn will be a carrier for the disease (Coelho et al., 2015 p.427). Causes of Galactosemia Galactosemia is caused by the mutation of GALT, GALK and GALE genes. These are responsible for triggering instruction for enzymes responsible for processing galactose that is obtained mainly from the diet. Classic galactosemia occurs as a result of the mutation in the GALT gene. Genetic changes in the GALT gene always eliminate enzymes activities that are produced from the GALT gene. Therefore, such activities prevent the normal galactose processing thereby resulting in dangerous sign as well as symptoms of this disorder. Mutation of GALK1 gene result into galactosemia (type 11) while mutation of GALE leads to type 111 of galactosemia (Coelho et al., 2015 p.427). Symptoms of Galactosemia Difficulty in feeding, lethargy (lack of energy), inability to gain weight (failure to thrive), skin becoming yellow, white eyes as well as bleeding, speech difficulties, and cataract are the key physical symptoms of galactosemia. Comparison of Stages and Symptoms between Infants and Adults The symptoms of the diseases evident at different growth stages mainly manifested as shown in the table below The table above gives the possible long-term outcomes which one can business among patient units grouped based on the average age as per the diagnosis. In the analysis, the white bars represent defendants data for the classic galactosemia that were diagnosed largely before 14 days of life. On the other hand, the shaded bars signify data for the patients diagnosed after 14 days of life in line with classic galactosemia. Therefore, from the analysis above it is evident that classic galactosemia has variable symptoms based on the patient growth stage (Coelho et al., 2015 p.427). Prevention and Diagnosis It is important to note that there is no preventive mechanism for the galactosemia disease. However, there severe damages associated with the illness can be reduced through the removal of the galactose from the patient diet. Moreover, there are several diagnoses for the disease which include parental, differential as well as newborn screening. The diagnosis begins with the screening and testing of the blood and urine mostly in the infants to check the undetected and uncommon galactosemia in the body (Alam and Sood, 2016 p.1333). Dietary Recommendations The primary goal of nutrient claims and content is to emphasize on the specific nutrient relative amount and gives a prompt value communication. The value interactions mostly demarcate on fat-free, good fiber source and low calorie (Freeze, 2013 p. 6940). First and foremost, it is important to avoid consumption of the milk products since it is not recommendable for the patients who suffer from the disease. Recommended nutrition intake in the diet is highly encouraged, and these boost the patients conditions significantly. The nutrients which play a significant role in the diet include calcium, vitamin D, and other related nutrient compounds. Calcium gluconate plays a fundamental role in treating the disorder. Calcium assists in treating different illnesses which include hypocalcemic tetany, hypocalcemia and hypoparathyroidism and these conditions mainly result from pregnancy and rapid growth. Furthermore, the increase in the plasma and calcium levels can also be treated by calcium gl uconate. However, the treatment of the disease needs to be conducted under the strict supervision and in the presence of a qualified expert in the healthcare. Therefore, this study claims that calcium supplementation is not only meant for the galactosemia but also for other health-nutrient claims (Ezgu, 2016 p. 250). Furthermore, it is important to avoid all the related either hypersensitive or allergic to lactose. It is also necessary to avoid administering of doses through the mouth, as it may lead to kidney stone related diseases. In fact, it important to avoid taking the dose through the mouth since it will also lead to hypercalcemia, hyperparathyroidism, hypercalciuria , bone tumors, ventricular fibrillation, digitalis toxicity, kidney stones, sarcoidosis and kidney disease. Scientific analysis has claimed that calcium supplements also increases unacceptable lead levels and these results from the utilization of dolomite, bone meal and oyster shells in the production of the prod ucts (Maratha et al., 2016 p. 984). Vitamin D is another important health-nutrient Claims which must be considered as far as the galactosemia. Lack of vitamin D has resulted to the bone mineral related as well as bone pain, osteomalacia, and muscle weakness. In essence, osteomalacia is a deficiency which manifested in elderly patients, people with problems relating to vitamin D absorption, aluminum-induced bone patients, chronic livers as well as renal osteodystrophy. The control of the disease mainly focuses on the underlying disease cause, and these include orthopedic surgical medication, vitamin D as well as phosphate binding proxies. In the instances in which there is Vitamin D deficiency, evaluated parathyroid and inadequate calcium absorption; there is increased bone resorption as a result of the emerging secretion. Increased secretion may lead to increased fracture risks and weaken of bones (Coelho et al., 2015 p.427). Therefore, vitamin D supplementation reduces the fracture and slow down instances of bone loss when administered with calcium. However, it is advisable to avoid administering vitamin D as well as its components if the patient has hypersensitive or is allergic. It is important to evaluate the amount of Vitamin D as over dose might lead to toxic effects. Notably, it is important to use vitamin D cautiously regarding the hyperparathyroidism, sarcoidosis, tuberculosis, kidney disease and histoplasmosis. Also, vitamin D plays an essential role in breastfeeding and pregnant women, but it must be administered in recommended dosages (Tegtmeyer et al., 2014 p. 542). Additionally, it is important to avoid organic meats, which include- heart, pancreas, and liver as these compounds tend to affect patients immensely. Finally, soy products highly recommended for the victims of this disorder (Timson, 2016 p.141). Conclusion From the above evidence, a lot of vital information can be derived from the findings. The disease presents a big challenge both for the individual affected as well as the health workers. Being a hereditary nature of the disease, one of the greatest challenges is the effective treatment for the newborns. Additionally, The overview of the evidence demonstrates that screening of the newborn plays a fundamental role in helping to control the impacts that the disease pose to the newborn. Therefore, the government, stakeholders as well as health workers should come together to help reduce the death rates caused by the disease. References Adamkin, D.H., 2015. Metabolic screening and postnatal glucose homeostasis in the newborn.Pediatric Clinics of North America, finance, pp.385-409. Alam, S. and Sood, V., 2016. Metabolic liver disease: when to suspect and how to diagnose?.The Indian Journal of Pediatrics,83(11), pp.1321-1333. Coelho, A.I., Berry, G.T. and Rubio-Gozalbo, M.E., 2015. Galactose metabolism and health.Current Opinion in Clinical Nutrition Metabolic Care,18(4), pp.422-427. Ezgu, F., 2016. Chapter Seven-Inborn Errors of Metabolism.Advances in clinical chemistry,73, pp.195-250. Freeze, H.H., 2013. Understanding human psychology disorders: biochemistry leads the charge.Journal of Biological Chemistry,288(10), pp.6936-6945. Freeze, H.H., Chong, J.X., Bamshad, M.J. and Ng, B.G., 2014. Solving glycosylation disorders: fundamental approaches reveal complicated pathways.The American Journal of Human Genetics,94(2), pp.161-175. Jumbo-Lucioni, P.P., Parkinson, W.M., Kopke, D.L. and Broadie, K., 2016. Coordinated movement, neuromuscular synaptogenesis and trans-synaptic signaling defects in Drosophila galactosemia models.Human molecular genetics,25(17), pp.3699-3714. Maratha, A., Stockmann, H., Coss, K.P., Rubio-Gozalbo, M.E., Knerr, I., Fitzgibbon, M., McVeigh, T.P., Foley, P., Moss, C., Colhoun, H.O. and van Erven, B., 2016. Classical galactosaemia: novel insights in IgG N-glycosylation and N-glycan biosynthesis.European Journal of Human Genetics,24(7), pp.976-984. Tegtmeyer, L.C., Rust, S., van management, M., Ng, B.G., Losfeld, M.E., Timal, S., Raymond, K., He, P., Ichikawa, M., Veltman, J. and Huijben, K., 2014. Multiple phenotypes in phosphoglucomutase 1 deficiency.New England Journal of Medicine,370(6), pp.533-542. Timson, D.J., 2016. The molecular basis of galactosemiaPast, present and future.Gene,589(2), pp.133-141.

Revenue Recognition Fraud Essay Example

Revenue Recognition Fraud Essay Revenue Recognition Fraud: Methods and Reason In today’s corporate arena, fraud has taken its seat among the top priorities of those who make policies and set standards. The majority of large-scale fraud is perpetrated by the improper recognition of company revenues and is, in practice, generally simple. Revenue recognition fraud can be carried out by keeping the books open past the end of the accounting period, recording consignment goods as sales, improper bill-and-hold transactions, failure to record offsetting accruals, and many other methods that boost earnings. Internal auditors need to understand the types of revenue recognition fraud and the internal controls that prevent the use of improper techniques. This knowledge will allow them to help management and the board of directors in protecting the reliability of financial reporting. Techniques for Revenue Recognition Fraud Revenue recognition fraud is not always difficult to understand. In many cases it’s rather easy to see once someone points it out. In his article â€Å"Timing is of the Essence,† Joseph T. Wells explains that the most common method of revenue recognition fraud is holding the books open past the end of the accounting period. He states, â€Å"proper accounting cut-off tests prevent most of these problems, but not all,† [Wells 2001]. He goes on to explain that companies can stop time clocks and continue shipping goods until sales targets are met, but competent auditors should notice that something obvious or at least suspicious is happening. Playing with time is not the only way to improperly recognize revenue. Another way to commit revenue recognition fraud is by recording goods on consignment as sales. We will write a custom essay sample on Revenue Recognition Fraud specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Revenue Recognition Fraud specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Revenue Recognition Fraud specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Consignment goods are those that a party ships to a selling agent. The shipment of these goods to the selling agent should never be recorded as a sale because they are still inventory of the consigning company. This method of revenue recognition fraud is detected by the reversal of sales that must take place in order to correctly record the revenue. Again, auditors should be able to identify these situations and take necessary actions [Wells 2001]. Along with these two methods, bill-and-hold transactions can be used to prematurely recognize revenue. Douglas R. Carmichael, in his article â€Å"Hocus-Pocus Accounting,† says that bill-and-hold scams are â€Å"difficult to audit and have long been associated with incidents of financial fraud,† [Carmichael 1999]. In a bill-and-hold transaction, after the customer says they will purchase goods, the seller bills the customer and holds the goods until the customer requests delivery. Even though this is not a GAAP violation, the SEC does have a checklist stating requirements that a transaction must fulfill in order to recognize the revenue. A method of premature revenue recognition that is a violation of GAAP is the failure to record offsetting accruals. This is a GAAP violation because unless you have completed your services you cannot record the entire amount of revenue [Wells 2001]. There are many organizations that receive payment in advance for services that they have yet to complete. Apartment complexes, magazine companies, and others would benefit in the short run by eliminating the liability and increasing the revenues. The deterrent to this fraud technique therefore is the GAAP rule. These methods of improperly recognizing revenue are illegal, prevented by GAAP, or detectible by auditors. Yet this type of fraud today seems to be more widespread and newsworthy. Why are so many companies failing to meet the standard of business ethics that we are taught in school? Pressure. â€Å"Public companies feel pressure to report quarterly earnings that meet or exceed analysts’ expectations – after all, failure to meet those expectations can hurt companies’ stock prices,† says Carmichael [Carmichael 1999]. Companies determine their success to a great extent by their stock prices, and rightly so. Corporations and industries can rise and fall from the interest or trust of the investing public. This pressure from the public can create potential problems within organizations. The Control Environment’s Effect on Fraudulent Revenue Recognition The Committee of Sponsoring Organizations, COSO, has established the widely accepted definition of internal control. This definition includes an area of internal control labeled the control or internal environment, which has seven components. Each of these components has an effect on every business that is in existence. There are two, however, that, if not taken into consideration, can lead to unethical decisions such as revenue recognition fraud. The first control environment component is commitment to integrity and ethical values, which means that management should strive for a culture that stresses integrity. Also, â€Å"top management should make it clear that honest reports are more important than favorable ones,† [Romney and Steinbart 2003]. If this were truly stressed in organizations, improperly recognizing revenue in order to boost profits would be a problem rarely found. The second and possibly more important component of the control environment is management philosophy and operating style. In an ideal organization this would be the channel through which commitment to integrity would flow. In this component it is stated that â€Å"the more responsible that management’s philosophy and operating style are, the more likely it is that employees will behave responsibly in working to achieve the organization’s objectives,† [Romney and Steinbart 2003]. However, in many instances this is not the case. Pressure from many directions causes a shift or change in management philosophy, and as the weakness in these two areas grows, the potential for revenue recognition fraud increases. Kyle Anne Midkiff gives an example in â€Å"Finding Fraud: Know the Warning Signs and Avoid the Problem,† where â€Å"in a division of a publicly traded company, management created an environment, in which achieving budgeted earnings was of paramount importance and needed to be accomplished at any cost,† [Midkiff 2003]. This philosophy is in striking contradiction to that desired by COSO, and therefore lacking a good control environment. This overwhelming stress on meeting budgeted goals and analyst’s expectations drives managers away from integrity and towards a success only mindset, which can lead to implementing one of the various methods of revenue recognition fraud. Conclusion Since the board of directors depends upon the internal auditors assessments of risks and controls, the internal auditors are crucial to maintaining a reliable financial reporting environment. The forms of revenue recognition fraud are many. Playing with time, recording consignment goods as sales, improper bill-and-hold transactions, and failure to record offsetting accruals are some of the many methods to improperly recognize revenue. These methods in practice are not terribly difficult to understand, and in many cases are limited by statue, policy, or audits. However, as Joseph T. Wells stated, â€Å"even adequate internal controls can be overridden by management,† [Wells 2001]. Therefore, the only way to eliminate revenue recognition fraud, in my opinion, is to change management philosophy to mirror that of COSO’s definition. For this to happen, pressure to meet expectations must not sit atop the pyramid, but instead be replaced by an unrelenting drive to secure the company’s integrity for its employees, shareholders, and customers. Works Cited Carmichael, Douglas R. â€Å"Hocus-Pocus Accounting. † Journal of Accountancy 188. (1999): 59-63. Midkiff, Kyle Anne. â€Å"Finding Fraud: Know the Warning Signs and Avoid the Problem. † The Legal Intelligencer 5 229. 95 (2003) Romney, Marshall B. , and Paul John Steinbart. Accounting Information Systems 9th Edition. New Jersey: Prentice Hall, 2003. Wells, Joseph T. â€Å"Timing is of the Essence† Journal of Accountancy Online Issues (May 2001) http://www. aicpa. org/pubs/jofa/may2001/wells. htm http://www. theiia. org/download. cfm? file=83856